AB012. Distributions, risk factors and epidemiological trends of pancreatic cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a comprehensive analysis
Abstract

AB012. Distributions, risk factors and epidemiological trends of pancreatic cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a comprehensive analysis

Sofia Laila Wik1,2, Mingjun Gao1,3, Qinyao Yu1,4,5, Fanyu Xue1,6, Sze Chai Chan1, Shui Hang Chow1, Claire Chenwen Zhong1, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III7, Martin C. S. Wong1,8, Junjie Huang1,8

1The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; 2Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden; 3Adam Smith Business School, College of Social Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; 4Jinan University-University of Birmingham Joint Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; 5School of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; 6Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; 7Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; 8Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Correspondence to: Dr. Junjie Huang, PhD. The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Public Health, Prince of Wales Hospital, 5/F, School of Public Health Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China. Email: junjie_huang@link.cuhk.edu.hk.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is an emerging public health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Late diagnosis resulting from a lack of effective screening tools contributes to its poor prognosis and high mortality rate. The study investigates risk factors associated with pancreatic cancer to identify potential targets for prevention and intervention.

Methods: We assessed the burden of pancreatic cancer in LMICs by analyzing sex differences, age groups, trends over time, risk factors, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) using publicly available global databases, such as the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME).

Results: The DALYs peaks occurred at 70–74 for upper-middle income (816.33 DALYs); 70–79 for lower-middle income (496.96 and 495.55 DALYs, respectively); and 70–74 for low income (424.26 DALYs). Females experienced greater increases in DALYs than males across all income groups, with increases of (from high income to low income) 12.23%, 31.76%, 90.26%, and 63.62% between 1990 and 2019. The corresponding values for males were 3.19%, 39.95%, 62.05%, and 31.96%. Behavioral risks were the most prominent risk factor for pancreatic cancer, with DALYs decreasing by 13.45% in high-income countries and increasing by 29.23% to 32.81% in lower-income countries. Incidence has increased by 16.86% in high income countries, 45.32% in upper middle-income countries, 79.21% in lower middle income countries, and 48.51% in low income countries.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the data provided highlights the significant burden of pancreatic cancer across all income categories, with the highest rates observed in older age groups and in high-income countries. The burden is further exacerbated by differences in rates between males and females across income categories. This study emphasizes the need for targeted prevention and early detection efforts, particularly in LMICs where resources and healthcare infrastructure may be limited.

Keywords: Pancreatic cancer; low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); disease burden; risk factors; temporal trends

Acknowledgments

We are grateful for the supports from Summer Undergraduate Research Programme (SURP), The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Funding: None.

Footnote

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jphe.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jphe-2023-apru-ab012/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Ethical Statement: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). This study was approved by the Survey and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (No. SBRE-22-0826) and individual consent for this retrospective analysis was waived.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the noncommercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

doi: 10.21037/jphe-2023-apru-ab012
Cite this abstract as: Wik SL, Gao M, Yu Q, Xue F, Chan SC, Chow SH, Zhong CC, Lucero-Prisno DE 3rd, Wong MCS, Huang J. AB012. Distributions, risk factors and epidemiological trends of pancreatic cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a comprehensive analysis. J Public Health Emerg 2024;8:AB012.

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